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MongoDB

MongoDB is a NoSQL document database that provides flexible, schema-free data storage. LocalCloud includes MongoDB 7.0 with authentication and management tools.

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Features

  • Document Database: Store data in flexible, JSON-like documents
  • Indexing: Single field, compound, and text indices
  • Aggregation: Powerful pipeline-based data processing
  • Authentication: Built-in security with localcloud credentials
  • Admin Interface: Web-based management via Mongo Express
  • CLI Access: Direct mongosh integration via lc mongo connect

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Configuration

MongoDB is configured in your localcloud.yaml file: 
services:
  mongodb:
    type: mongodb
    version: "7.0"
    port: 27017
    replica_set: false
    auth_enabled: true
    databases:
      - name: localcloud
        collections:
          - name: users
            indices:
              - field: email
                unique: true
          - name: documents
            indices:
              - fields: [title, content]
                type: text

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Connection Details

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Connection String

mongodb://localcloud:localcloud@localhost:27017/localcloud

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Connection Parameters

  • Host: localhost
  • Port: 27017
  • Username: localcloud
  • Password: localcloud
  • Database: localcloud
  • Authentication Database: admin

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CLI Commands

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Connect to MongoDB Shell

# Open mongosh interactive shell
lc mongo connect

# Connect to specific database
lc mongo connect --db myapp

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Database Operations

# List all databases
lc mongo db list

# Create a new database
lc mongo db create myapp

# Drop a database
lc mongo db drop myapp

# Get database stats
lc mongo db stats myapp

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Collection Operations

# List collections in current database
lc mongo collection list

# Create a collection
lc mongo collection create users

# Drop a collection
lc mongo collection drop users

# Get collection stats
lc mongo collection stats users

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Document Operations

# Insert a document
lc mongo doc insert users '{"name": "John", "email": "[email protected]"}'

# Find documents
lc mongo doc find users '{"name": "John"}'

# Update documents
lc mongo doc update users '{"name": "John"}' '{"$set": {"age": 30}}'

# Delete documents
lc mongo doc delete users '{"name": "John"}'

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Index Management

# Create an index
lc mongo index create users '{"email": 1}' --unique

# List indices
lc mongo index list users

# Drop an index
lc mongo index drop users email_1

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Usage Examples

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Python with PyMongo

from pymongo import MongoClient
import os

# Connect to MongoDB
client = MongoClient('mongodb://localcloud:localcloud@localhost:27017/')
db = client.localcloud

# Insert a document
users = db.users
user_id = users.insert_one({
    "name": "Alice",
    "email": "[email protected]",
    "age": 28
}).inserted_id

# Find documents
user = users.find_one({"name": "Alice"})
print(user)

# Update document
users.update_one(
    {"name": "Alice"},
    {"$set": {"age": 29}}
)

# Delete document
users.delete_one({"name": "Alice"})

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Node.js with MongoDB Driver

const { MongoClient } = require('mongodb');

async function main() {
    const client = new MongoClient('mongodb://localcloud:localcloud@localhost:27017/');
    
    try {
        await client.connect();
        const db = client.db('localcloud');
        const users = db.collection('users');
        
        // Insert document
        await users.insertOne({
            name: 'Bob',
            email: '[email protected]',
            age: 25
        });
        
        // Find document
        const user = await users.findOne({ name: 'Bob' });
        console.log(user);
        
        // Update document
        await users.updateOne(
            { name: 'Bob' },
            { $set: { age: 26 } }
        );
        
        // Delete document
        await users.deleteOne({ name: 'Bob' });
        
    } finally {
        await client.close();
    }
}

main();

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Go with MongoDB Driver

package main

import (
    "context"
    "fmt"
    "log"
    "time"

    "go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo"
    "go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo/options"
    "go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/bson"
)

func main() {
    client, err := mongo.Connect(context.TODO(), options.Client().ApplyURI("mongodb://localcloud:localcloud@localhost:27017/"))
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }
    defer client.Disconnect(context.TODO())

    collection := client.Database("localcloud").Collection("users")
    
    // Insert document
    doc := bson.M{"name": "Charlie", "email": "[email protected]", "age": 32}
    result, err := collection.InsertOne(context.TODO(), doc)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }
    fmt.Printf("Inserted document with ID: %v\n", result.InsertedID)
    
    // Find document
    var user bson.M
    err = collection.FindOne(context.TODO(), bson.M{"name": "Charlie"}).Decode(&user)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }
    fmt.Printf("Found user: %+v\n", user)
}

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Web Interface

MongoDB includes Mongo Express for web-based administration:
  • URL: http://localhost:8081
  • Username: admin
  • Password: admin
Features:
  • Browse databases and collections
  • View and edit documents
  • Manage indices
  • Execute queries
  • View collection statistics

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Best Practices

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Schema Design

// User document with embedded address
{
    "_id": ObjectId("..."),
    "name": "John Doe",
    "email": "[email protected]",
    "address": {
        "street": "123 Main St",
        "city": "Anytown",
        "zipcode": "12345"
    },
    "tags": ["customer", "premium"],
    "createdAt": ISODate("2024-01-01T00:00:00Z")
}

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Indexing

// Create compound index for common queries
db.users.createIndex({ "email": 1, "status": 1 })

// Create text index for search
db.documents.createIndex({ "title": "text", "content": "text" })

// Create TTL index for expiring documents
db.sessions.createIndex({ "createdAt": 1 }, { expireAfterSeconds: 3600 })

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Aggregation Pipeline

// Group users by city and count
db.users.aggregate([
    { $group: { _id: "$address.city", count: { $sum: 1 } } },
    { $sort: { count: -1 } }
])

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Common Patterns

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Document Validation

db.createCollection("users", {
    validator: {
        $jsonSchema: {
            bsonType: "object",
            required: ["name", "email"],
            properties: {
                name: {
                    bsonType: "string",
                    description: "must be a string and is required"
                },
                email: {
                    bsonType: "string",
                    pattern: "^[a-zA-Z0-9._%+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+\\.[a-zA-Z]{2,}$",
                    description: "must be a valid email address"
                }
            }
        }
    }
})

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Transactions

const session = client.startSession();
session.startTransaction();

try {
    await users.insertOne({ name: "Alice" }, { session });
    await accounts.insertOne({ user: "Alice", balance: 100 }, { session });
    
    await session.commitTransaction();
} catch (error) {
    await session.abortTransaction();
    throw error;
} finally {
    await session.endSession();
}

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System Requirements

  • Memory: 1GB RAM minimum
  • Storage: 1GB disk space for data
  • Network: Port 27017 for MongoDB, 8081 for Mongo Express